Prototype Microchip Capable of Biological Sample and Manipulation - STMicroelectronics

STMicroelectronics has announced (Nov 30, 2006) that it has designed a complete prototype device able to collect and manipulate specific biological molecules. Combined with ST’s proven laboratory-on-chip technology, ST’s research project is paving the way for the development of low-cost disposable chips that automate the quick preparation, analysis and evaluation of medical and forensic biological samples.

Current state-of-the-art biotechnological platforms such as ST’s In-CheckTM “lab-on-chip” devices facilitate the diagnosis of specific diseases or the monitoring of food and water for bacterial contaminants by allowing the rapid detection of particular genetic material in liquid biological samples. However, the preparation of the samples is still a relatively time-consuming process performed with large samples in laboratories using techniques that require skilled technicians and are difficult and expensive to implement with smaller samples. The aim of the ST research program is to explore new methods to automate sample preparation, so that the biological molecules of interest could be rapidly extracted from “raw” specimens such as saliva, blood or biopsy tissues and used as the input to the lab-on-chip diagnostic stage.

“The market for diagnostic equipment is evolving towards fully automated, cost-effective devices usable directly at the point of need,” said Maria Teresa Gatti, Director of Research and Innovation, Advanced System Technology, STMicroelectronics.

“Sample preparation technology, integrated with ST’s In-Check lab-on-chip platform, will allow us to build low-cost, easy-to-use systems that will enable diagnostic analyses to be performed outside specialized laboratories, e.g. directly in hospitals or even in the doctor’s office,” noted Anton Hofmeister, Group VP and General Manager, Microfluidics Division, STMicroelectronics.

The technique used by the ST researchers is based on a method called dielectrophoresis, where an electric field is used to separate biological particles contained in a conductive solution. The careful setting of physical and electrical factors allows to precisely control the movement of target particles and the aim of the ST project was to demonstrate that this could be exploited for practical uses. Potential benefits include the ability to isolate cells that are present in low concentrations, to increase the concentration of cells in a solution and to extract DNA from the cell nucleus, as well as allowing sample preparation to be performed in the field by personnel with minimal training on the use of the devices. Importantly, the researchers also successfully showed that by precisely controlling the voltage applied to different electrodes, cells could be collected at one specific region and then moved to other regions in either direction.  The ST research project builds on a prior joint research project between ST and Evotec Technologies GmbH.

Details of the research project were unveiled at the NANOMEC06 Symposium on Materials Science & Materials Mechanics at the Nanoscale, held at the Politecnico di Bari, Italy in a paper presented by Marco Bianchessi, Sarah Burgarella and Anna Zocco from ST’s Advanced Systems Technology (AST) organization.